:root{--paper:#f7f6ef;--sheet:#fffefa;--ink:#242928;--muted:#606760;--blue:#273eb2;--faint:#d5d9d1;--green:#386f56;--orange:#af492a;--mono:'SFMono-Regular',Consolas,'Liberation Mono',monospace;--serif:'Iowan Old Style','Palatino Linotype',Palatino,Georgia,serif}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:90px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:18px/1.75 var(--serif)}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,a,input,select{touch-action:manipulation}button{cursor:pointer}a{color:var(--blue);text-underline-offset:4px}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:4px}button{color:var(--blue);background:transparent;border:1px solid var(--faint);padding:9px 14px;font:11px/1.5 var(--mono);letter-spacing:.025em}button:hover{background:#eaedfc;border-color:var(--blue)}button[aria-pressed=true],button.primary{background:var(--blue);border-color:var(--blue);color:white}button:disabled{opacity:.45;cursor:not-allowed}input,select{max-width:100%;border:1px solid #a8afa4;background:var(--sheet);color:var(--ink);padding:8px 10px;font:14px var(--mono)}input[type=range]{padding:0;accent-color:var(--blue);width:100%;cursor:pointer}input[type=checkbox]{accent-color:var(--blue)}.skip{position:fixed;top:-60px;z-index:100;background:white;padding:10px}.skip:focus{top:0}.topbar{position:sticky;top:0;height:90px;background:var(--paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);z-index:20;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0 34px;gap:42px}.brand{display:flex;gap:12px;align-items:center;text-decoration:none;font:11px/1.25 var(--mono);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:1.2px;min-width:194px}.brand-mark{font:italic 44px/1 Georgia;border:1px solid var(--blue);width:49px;height:49px;display:grid;place-items:center;padding-bottom:8px}.top-description{font:9px/1.7 var(--mono);letter-spacing:1.3px}.top-description span{color:var(--muted)}.top-actions{margin-left:auto;display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:center;font:10px var(--mono)}.top-actions a{text-decoration:none}.top-actions button{border:0;padding:10px 0}kbd{font:9px var(--mono);border:1px solid var(--faint);padding:1px 5px;margin-left:12px}#menu-toggle{display:none}#sidebar{position:fixed;top:90px;bottom:0;left:0;width:242px;border-right:1px solid var(--faint);padding:30px 22px 25px 32px;overflow-y:auto;scrollbar-width:thin}.side-label,.eyebrow{font:10px/1.6 var(--mono);letter-spacing:1.25px;color:var(--muted)}.side-label{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:24px}.nav-group{font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--muted);margin:23px 0 9px;letter-spacing:1px}.nav-link{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:11px;font:11px/1.55 var(--mono);text-decoration:none;color:#48524c;padding:8px 0}.nav-link .num{font-size:9px;color:#697469;min-width:17px}.nav-link.active{color:var(--blue);font-weight:bold}.nav-link.active .num{color:var(--blue)}.nav-link.visited:after{content:'·';margin-left:auto;color:var(--green)}.side-bottom{margin-top:30px;border-top:1px solid var(--faint);padding-top:20px;font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}.side-bottom p{font:italic 17px/1.5 var(--serif);color:var(--ink);margin-top:26px}.side-bottom button{font-size:8px;border:0;padding:0;text-decoration:underline;color:var(--muted)}.tiny-progress{height:2px;background:var(--faint);margin-top:10px}.tiny-progress i{display:block;height:2px;background:var(--blue)}main{margin-left:242px;padding:45px 75px 70px;min-height:calc(100vh - 90px);max-width:1500px}.page-ruler{position:fixed;right:16px;top:129px;bottom:30px;width:20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:10px;font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--blue)}.page-ruler>div{width:8px;flex:1;background:repeating-linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--faint) 0 1px,transparent 1px 12px);position:relative}.page-ruler i{position:absolute;left:0;top:0;width:2px;background:var(--blue)}.crumb{font:9px var(--mono);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1.3px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:15px;margin-bottom:46px;color:var(--muted)}.crumb a{text-decoration:none}.hero{position:relative}.hero h1{font:normal clamp(60px,6.5vw,104px)/.99 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-4px;margin:24px 0 25px;max-width:700px}.hero h1 em{font-weight:normal;color:var(--blue)}.hero-sub{font-size:21px;line-height:1.55;max-width:530px;margin:0}.hero-meta{display:flex;gap:30px;font:9px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px;margin:28px 0}.hero-art{margin:34px 0 25px;border-top:1px solid var(--faint);border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);position:relative;padding:12px 0;background-image:radial-gradient(#273eb21b .6px,transparent .6px);background-size:12px 12px}.hero-art svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.figure-foot{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px;font:9px/1.6 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);margin:12px 0 34px}.hero-start{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:24px;margin:25px 0 50px}.solid-link{display:inline-block;padding:11px 22px;background:var(--blue);color:white;text-decoration:none;font:11px var(--mono)}.quiet-link{font:10px var(--mono)}.lead{font-size:23px;line-height:1.55}.article-head{max-width:780px;margin:0 auto 48px;text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);padding-bottom:35px}.article-head h1{font:normal clamp(36px,4.5vw,58px)/1.08 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-1.7px;margin:22px 0}.article-head .dek{max-width:580px;margin:0 auto;color:#555c55;font-size:20px;line-height:1.6}.chapter-number{font:italic 52px/1 var(--serif);color:#a6b0b1}.article-body{max-width:710px;margin:0 auto}.article-body p{margin:0 0 23px}.article-body h2{font:normal 31px/1.2 var(--serif);letter-spacing:-.55px;margin:51px 0 23px;padding-top:10px}.article-body h3{font:bold 19px/1.4 var(--serif);margin:30px 0 14px}.article-body ul,.article-body ol{padding-left:24px;margin:0 0 26px}.article-body li{margin:9px 0}.article-body strong{font-weight:600}.article-body code{font:13px var(--mono);background:#eeeee7;padding:2px 4px}.equation{font:22px/1.9 'Cambria Math',var(--serif);text-align:center;margin:28px 0;padding:21px 18px;border-top:1px solid var(--faint);border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);overflow-x:auto;white-space:nowrap;letter-spacing:.3px;color:var(--blue)}.equation small{display:block;font:10px/1.6 var(--mono);white-space:normal;color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px;letter-spacing:0}.frac{display:inline-flex;flex-direction:column;vertical-align:middle;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;margin:0 5px;font-size:.9em}.frac>span:first-child{border-bottom:1px solid currentColor;padding:0 5px 4px}.frac>span:last-child{padding:4px 5px 0}.matrix{display:inline-grid;border-left:1px solid currentColor;border-right:1px solid currentColor;border-radius:6px;padding:3px 12px;gap:1px 15px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;margin:0 6px;line-height:1.4}.callout{border-left:2px solid var(--blue);padding:2px 0 2px 23px;margin:30px 0}.callout .label{font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--blue);letter-spacing:1.5px;display:block;margin-bottom:10px}.callout p{font-size:17px;margin:0}.lab{margin:36px -25px;padding:24px;background:#eff1ec;border:1px solid #cbd2c6;position:relative}.lab-head{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:10px;font:9px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--blue);margin-bottom:15px}.lab h3{font:normal 27px var(--serif);margin:7px 0 12px}.lab p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;margin-bottom:15px}.lab svg{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.lab svg text,.hero-art svg text{font:10px var(--mono);fill:var(--blue)}.lab label{font:11px var(--mono);display:block;margin:14px 0 8px}.control-row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:17px 0}.control-row label{margin:0}.lab-output{background:var(--sheet);border:1px solid var(--faint);padding:15px;font:12px/1.85 var(--mono);overflow-wrap:anywhere;margin-top:14px}.lab-note{font:10px/1.7 var(--mono)!important;color:var(--muted);margin:14px 0 0!important}.lab-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px;align-items:center}.meter-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:42px 1fr 56px;align-items:center;gap:9px;margin:12px 0;font:11px var(--mono)}.meter{height:12px;background:#dfe3db}.meter i{display:block;height:100%;background:var(--blue);transition:width .2s}.meter.orange i{background:var(--orange)}.stat{font:42px/1.2 var(--serif);color:var(--blue)}.check{margin:38px 0;padding:22px;border:1px dashed #a5afa0}.check h3{margin:0 0 12px;font:10px var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px;color:var(--green)}.check p{font-size:17px;margin-bottom:15px}.check .answer{border-top:1px solid var(--faint);padding-top:14px;margin-top:18px;color:var(--green)}details{margin:28px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--faint);border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);padding:16px 0}summary{cursor:pointer;color:var(--blue);font:13px/1.5 var(--mono)}details>div{padding-top:20px}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:15px;margin:25px 0;line-height:1.5}th{font:10px var(--mono);text-align:left;color:var(--muted);text-transform:uppercase}td,th{padding:13px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);vertical-align:top}td:first-child,th:first-child{padding-left:0}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto}.end-nav{max-width:710px;margin:55px auto 0;border-top:1px solid var(--faint);padding-top:24px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;font:11px/1.6 var(--mono)}.end-nav a{text-decoration:none}.end-nav small{display:block;font-size:9px;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:8px}.source-note{font:11px/1.8 var(--mono);border-top:1px solid var(--faint);padding-top:22px;margin-top:45px;color:var(--muted)}.source-note a{display:inline-block;margin-right:16px}.chapter-map{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:0 30px;margin:30px 0}.map-link{display:flex;text-decoration:none;gap:16px;padding:20px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--faint);align-items:start}.map-link span{font:11px var(--mono);color:var(--muted);padding-top:5px}.map-link strong{display:block;font:19px var(--serif);color:var(--ink)}.map-link small{display:block;font:11px/1.6 var(--mono);margin-top:8px;color:var(--muted)}.sign-flow{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:8px;margin:25px 0}.sign-flow span{border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:12px;text-align:center;font:10px/1.6 var(--mono);color:var(--blue)}.sign-flow b{color:var(--blue)}.bit-buttons{display:flex;gap:12px}.bit-buttons button{font-size:22px;width:48px;height:48px}.signature-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:120px 1fr 90px;align-items:center;gap:12px;margin:18px 0;font:11px var(--mono)}.size-track{height:15px;background:#e1e4dc}.size-track i{display:block;min-width:2px;height:100%;background:var(--blue)}.size-track i.classic{background:var(--orange)}.definition{padding:17px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint)}.definition dt{font-weight:bold}.definition dd{margin:6px 0 0;font-size:16px}.glossary-search{width:100%;margin-bottom:15px}.source-item{display:block;padding:20px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint)}.source-item small{display:block;font:11px/1.7 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px}.book-footer{font:9px/1.8 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);max-width:710px;margin:40px auto 0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}dialog{background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--blue);padding:30px;width:min(640px,90vw);max-height:80vh;color:var(--ink)}dialog::backdrop{background:#15234766;backdrop-filter:blur(3px)}dialog label{display:block;font:25px var(--serif);margin-bottom:20px}dialog input{width:100%;padding:14px}dialog .dialog-close{float:right;border:0;font-size:22px;padding:0}.search-result{display:block;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);padding:16px 0;color:var(--ink)}.search-result strong{font:18px var(--serif);color:var(--blue)}.search-result small{display:block;font:11px/1.6 var(--mono);margin-top:7px}#search-results{max-height:50vh;overflow:auto}.sr-only{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0)}.chip{font:9px var(--mono);padding:4px 7px;background:#e5e9df;color:var(--green)}.result-good{color:var(--green)}.result-bad{color:var(--orange)}.proof-path{font:12px/2 var(--mono)}.merkle-leaves{display:flex;gap:6px;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}.merkle-leaves button{min-width:42px}.hero-caption{font:10px var(--mono);color:var(--muted)}
@media(min-width:1500px){main{margin-left:calc(242px + (100vw - 1500px)/2);padding-right:95px}.hero h1{font-size:106px}}@media(max-width:1100px){.top-description{display:none}main{padding:35px 48px 60px}.hero h1{font-size:72px}.topbar{gap:20px}.lab{margin:30px -8px}.hero-meta{gap:15px}}@media(max-width:800px){.topbar{height:72px;padding:0 20px}.brand{min-width:0;font-size:9px}.brand-mark{font-size:33px;width:38px;height:38px}.top-actions{gap:18px}.top-actions>a{display:none}#menu-toggle{display:block}#sidebar{display:none;top:72px;width:min(310px,88vw);background:var(--paper);z-index:19;box-shadow:12px 0 40px #24292822}body.menu-open #sidebar{display:block}main{margin:0;padding:30px 29px 55px}.page-ruler{display:none}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(42px,13.6vw,70px);letter-spacing:-2px}.hero-sub{font-size:20px}.hero-meta{flex-wrap:wrap;font-size:8px}.hero-art{margin-top:26px}.hero-art svg{min-height:210px}.crumb{margin-bottom:32px;font-size:8px}.article-head h1{font-size:44px}.article-body{font-size:18px}.lab-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.lab{padding:18px;margin-left:-7px;margin-right:-7px}.chapter-map{grid-template-columns:1fr}.signature-row{grid-template-columns:90px 1fr 65px;font-size:9px;gap:7px}.hero-start{gap:18px}.figure-foot{font-size:8px}.book-footer{gap:20px}.equation{font-size:19px;padding:18px 8px}.sign-flow span{padding:8px;font-size:9px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}@media print{.topbar,#sidebar,.page-ruler,.end-nav,.top-actions,.book-footer,.control-row{display:none}main{margin:0;padding:0}.lab{break-inside:avoid}.article-head{margin-top:0}body{background:white;font-size:12pt}.article-body{max-width:none}a{color:inherit}.equation{overflow:visible}.check .answer[hidden]{display:block}details>div{display:block}}

/* Explanatory plates: readable labels, accessible descriptions, optional enlargement. */
.explanation-figure{margin:34px -14px 36px;border:1px solid #cbd2c6;background:#f3f4ed;padding:21px 18px 12px;break-inside:avoid}
.plate-heading{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);padding-bottom:17px;margin-bottom:10px}
.plate-heading>span{font:10px/1.5 var(--mono);color:var(--blue);white-space:nowrap}
.plate-heading strong{font:normal 21px/1.3 var(--serif);color:var(--ink)}
.plate-scroll{overflow-x:auto;overscroll-behavior-inline:contain;scrollbar-width:thin;scrollbar-color:#a8b3a1 transparent}
.plate-scroll svg{display:block;width:100%;min-width:560px;height:auto}
.plate-scroll svg text{font:17px/1.2 var(--serif);fill:var(--blue)}
.plate-scroll svg .overline{font:11px var(--mono);letter-spacing:.65px}.plate-scroll svg .small{font-size:14px}.plate-scroll svg .row-title{font-size:15px;font-weight:600}
.plate-scroll svg .math{font:25px 'Cambria Math',var(--serif)}.plate-scroll svg .big{font:37px 'Cambria Math',var(--serif)}.plate-scroll svg .sequence{font:18px var(--serif)}
.plate-scroll svg .muted{fill:#656d66}.plate-scroll svg .bad{fill:var(--orange)}.plate-scroll svg .good{fill:var(--green)}.plate-scroll svg .step{fill:white;font:15px var(--mono)}
.explanation-figure figcaption{font:15px/1.65 var(--serif);padding:13px 2px 9px;border-top:1px solid var(--faint);margin-top:8px;color:#50584f}
.plate-tools{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:15px}.plate-tools span{font:8px/1.6 var(--mono);color:#646e61;letter-spacing:.5px}.plate-tools button{font:10px var(--mono);padding:7px 9px;background:transparent;border:0;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}
.figure-dialog{width:min(1100px,95vw);max-width:95vw;padding:25px;max-height:92vh}.figure-dialog h2{font:28px/1.2 var(--serif);margin:0 35px 22px 0}.figure-dialog .plate-scroll svg{min-width:680px}.figure-dialog p{font:17px/1.6 var(--serif);margin:20px 0 0}
.attack-index{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin:24px 0 32px}.attack-index a{font:11px var(--mono);text-decoration:none;border:1px solid var(--faint);padding:10px 13px}.attack-index a:hover{background:#e9ecf5;border-color:var(--blue)}
.article-body h2[id]{scroll-margin-top:20px}
@media(max-width:800px){.explanation-figure{margin:28px -8px;padding:16px 12px 10px}.plate-heading{gap:10px}.plate-heading strong{font-size:19px}.plate-heading>span{font-size:8px}.plate-tools>span:after{content:' · SCROLL FIGURE →'}.figure-dialog{padding:18px}.figure-dialog h2{font-size:24px}.hero-meta{row-gap:9px}}
@media print{.plate-tools{display:none}.plate-scroll{overflow:visible}.plate-scroll svg{min-width:0}.explanation-figure{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}
/* Put the first explanatory figure closer to the chapter title. */
.article-head{margin-bottom:27px;padding-bottom:24px}.article-head h1{margin:12px 0 17px;font-size:clamp(34px,4.1vw,52px)}.article-head .dek{font-size:18px;line-height:1.5}.chapter-number{font-size:34px}.crumb{margin-bottom:24px}
.plate-scroll .diagram-mobile{display:none}
@media(max-width:600px){
 .explanation-figure .plate-scroll:before{content:'Scroll sideways to see the full figure →';display:block;font:9px/1.6 var(--mono);color:var(--muted);position:sticky;left:0;margin:3px 0 14px}
 .explanation-figure[data-figure="attack-map"] .diagram-wide{display:none}
 .explanation-figure[data-figure="attack-map"] .diagram-mobile{display:block;min-width:0}
 .explanation-figure[data-figure="attack-map"] .plate-scroll:before{display:none}
 .diagram-mobile .mobile-target{font-size:20px;font-weight:600}.diagram-mobile .mobile-result{font-size:19px}
}
/* Concrete classical examples share the guide's notebook typography. */
.real-example{border-left:2px solid var(--green);background:#eff2e9;padding:22px 25px;margin:28px 0}.real-example>span{display:block;font:10px var(--mono);color:var(--green);letter-spacing:1px;margin-bottom:16px}.real-example p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
.chapter-bridge{padding:16px 20px;background:#eff2e9;font-size:16px;border-left:2px solid var(--green)}
.scenario-buttons{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:8px;margin:20px 0}.scenario-buttons button{text-align:left;padding:12px}
.verification-checks{margin:15px 0;border-top:1px solid var(--faint)}.verification-checks>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:44px 1fr;gap:12px;padding:12px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint)}.verification-checks small{display:block;font:13px/1.5 var(--serif);color:var(--muted);margin-top:4px}
#release-package pre{white-space:pre-wrap;overflow-wrap:anywhere;font:11px/1.8 var(--mono);padding:15px;background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--faint)}
.exchange-public{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);padding-bottom:15px;gap:15px}.exchange-public span{font:9px var(--mono);color:var(--blue)}.exchange-public strong{font:20px var(--serif)}.exchange-side{font:14px/1.7 var(--mono);margin:14px 0}.exchange-side strong{font:42px var(--serif);display:block;color:var(--blue)}
#curvewalk-plot{max-width:520px;margin:auto}#curvewalk-plot svg text{font-size:13px}
@media(max-width:600px){.scenario-buttons{grid-template-columns:1fr}.real-example{padding:18px}.exchange-public{align-items:flex-start}.exchange-public strong{font-size:17px}}

/* Locally rendered LaTeX, with a reading and a symbol key beside each model. */
.formula-card{margin:30px 0 34px;border-top:1px solid var(--blue);border-bottom:1px solid var(--faint);padding:18px 0 0;min-width:0}
.formula-card h4{font:10px/1.6 var(--mono);letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--blue);margin:0 0 12px}
.math-display{max-width:100%;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;padding:12px 8px 18px;color:var(--blue);font-size:18px;scrollbar-width:thin;overscroll-behavior-x:contain}
.math-display:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:2px}
.math-display .katex-display{margin:.25em 0;text-align:left}
.math-display .katex-display>.katex{text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}
.math-inline .katex{font-size:1.03em}
.formula-card .formula-reading{font-size:17px;line-height:1.65;max-width:640px;margin:7px 0 18px}
.formula-card .symbol-guide{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--faint);padding:13px 0;margin:0}
.symbol-guide summary{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.02em}
.symbol-guide dl{margin:16px 0 4px}
.symbol-guide dl>div{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(110px,27%) 1fr;gap:14px;padding:9px 0;border-bottom:1px dotted var(--faint);align-items:baseline}
.symbol-guide dt{min-width:0;overflow-x:auto;color:var(--blue);font-size:15px}
.symbol-guide dd{margin:0;font-size:15px;line-height:1.55}
.formula-card .formula-condition{font-size:14px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--muted);margin:15px 0 5px}
.lab-output .math-display{font-size:15px;padding:7px 0;color:inherit}
.lab-output .math-inline{font-size:15px}
.exchange-side .math-inline{font-size:15px}
.katex .mord.text{font-family:KaTeX_Main,serif}
@media(max-width:600px){.math-display{font-size:16px;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.formula-card .formula-reading{font-size:16px}.symbol-guide dl>div{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:5px}.symbol-guide dd{font-size:15px}.formula-card h4{font-size:9px}.lab-output .math-display{font-size:14px}}
@media print{.symbol-guide:not([open])>*:not(summary){display:block}.math-display{overflow:visible}.formula-card{break-inside:avoid}}
.research-citation{font:11px/1.8 var(--mono);margin-top:-4px!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.article-body code{font-size:.78em;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
